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Federalists
Federalists in the House and Senate voted against war-related measures an astonishing 90 percent of the time. Why did the Federalists oppose the War of 1812 so vehemently?
Most Western and Southern congressmen supported war, while Federalists (especially New Englanders who relied heavily on trade with Britain) accused war advocates of using the excuse of maritime rights to promote their expansionist agenda.
The War of 1812 was fought in the United States, Canada, and on the high seas. Engagements were fought in the Old Southwest (Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia, and Mississippi), the Old Northwest (embracing Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin) Canada, Coastal Maine and the Chesapeake.
the U.S. Capitol
On August 24, 1814, as the War of 1812 raged on, invading British troops marched into Washington and set fire to the U.S. Capitol, the President’s Mansion, and other local landmarks.
The declaration of war had many causes, including the kidnapping and impressment of American sailors into the British Navy, trade restrictions due to the war of England with France, British support of Native Americans against the U.S. Federal government and American desire for Canadian territory.
And it is clear that in the summer of 1812 the United States was going to war despite a large split in the country. In Baltimore, a thriving seaport at the beginning of the war, public opinion generally tended to favor the declaration of war.
In the ensuing 1812 and 1813 United States House of Representatives elections, some members of Congress who voted for the war paid the price. Eight sitting New England congressmen were rejected by the voters, and several others saw the writing on the wall and declined to seek re-election.
The war was favored by the south and west for many reasons. When nationalism, or “the sentiment that binds people to their country and makes them feel that from it all their blessings flow” (Boorstin-Kelly, 198), swept through the south and west, new representatives came about.