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The 36 Deadliest Tropical Cyclones in World History
Rank | Name/Areas of Largest Loss | Deaths |
---|---|---|
1. | Great Bhola Cyclone, Bangladesh | 300,000-500,000 |
2. | Hooghly River Cyclone, India and Bangladesh | 300,000 |
3. | Haiphong Typhoon, Vietnam | 300,000 |
4. | Coringa, India | 300,000 |
The 1970 Bhola cyclone was a devastating tropical cyclone that struck East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) and India’s West Bengal on November 11, 1970. It remains the deadliest tropical cyclone ever recorded and one of the world’s deadliest natural disasters.
Tropical cyclones threaten lives and property because of their high winds, associated storm surge, excessive rain and flooding, and ability to spawn tornadoes. As they make landfall, the winds and surge are the main threats.
They include a number of different hazards that can individually cause significant impacts on life and property, such as storm surge, flooding, extreme winds, tornadoes and lighting. Combined, these hazards interact with one another and substantially increase the potential for loss of life and material damage.
The after-effects of cyclones can cause widespread chaos as people try and rebuild their lives. Standing water can lead to disease, electrical and water services can be interrupted, and the costs can spiral out of control. These tropical storms have impacted humans and other animals throughout history.
People can be killed, injured, or lost during typhoons. Flooding can cause people to drown, houses to be completely destroyed, property to be swept away, and farms to lose all of their crops to the winds and relentless rains. Mudslides and power outages are common.
When a tropical cyclone makes landfall, the eye usually closes in upon itself due to negative environmental factors over land, such as friction with the terrain , which causes surf to decrease, and drier continental air.
Tropical cyclones—variously defined as hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones—regularly impact human populations and periodically produce devastating weather-related natural disasters. The epidemiology of tropical cyclones is fundamentally determined by the physical forces of massive cyclonic systems intersecting with patterns of human behavior.
The destruction caused by cyclones depends on its intensity, location, and size. In forest regions, the trees get uprooted and canopies get affected. In coastal regions, the banks and embankments get eroded. In deserts, the sand dunes get reshaped whereas in mountainous regions mudslides and landslides occur.
Tropical cyclone case study – Typhoon Haiyan Typhoon Haiyan was a tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines in South East Asia in November 2013. It was one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever recorded with winds of 313 km/h. In some areas, 281.9 mm of rainfall was recorded, much of which fell in under 12 hours.
The epidemiology of tropical cyclones is fundamentally determined by the physical forces of massive cyclonic systems intersecting with patterns of human behavior. The destructive forces of cyclonic winds, inundating rains, and storm surge are frequently accompanied by floods, tornadoes, and landslides ( 1, 2 ).