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Guided by their religious ritual, the Maya also made significant advances in mathematics and astronomy, including the use of the zero and the development of complex calendar systems like the Calendar Round, based on 365 days, and later, the Long Count Calendar, designed to last over 5,000 years.
Three major achievements of the Mayan civilization were in architecture, astronomy and math. The Maya people were great builders who constructed roads, great cities and temples. Mayan cities had magnificent palaces, monuments with intricate designs and temple pyramids that are still evident today.
Maya polities engaged in violent warfare for political control of people and resources. Some scholars have suggested that the capture of sacrificial victims was a driving force behind warfare. Among the most critical resources were water and agricultural land.
Two thousand years ago, the ancient Maya developed one of the most advanced civilizations in the Americas. They developed a written language of hieroglyphs and invented the mathematical concept of zero. With their expertise in astronomy and mathematics, the Maya developed a complex and accurate calendar system.
The Ancient Mayans developed the science of astronomy, calendar systems, and hieroglyphic writing. They were also known for creating elaborate ceremonial architecture, such as pyramids, temples, palaces, and observatories. These structures were all built without metal tools.
Mayans used a complex complimentary system of healing. Shamanic practitioners blended religion, ritual, science as well as healing the body and mind in treating illnesses. Unlike Western medicine, they focused on the root cause of the illness, not just alleviating symptoms.
Mayans at War: Defensive Weapons The Mayans built fortifications around some of their cities. Examples of this include Seibal and Tikal. For defense, warriors carried shields and elites and veterans wore thick, cotton armor treated with rock salt that could withstand obsidian.
There were Aztec garrisons on the Maya frontier, and very likely plans to attack. But then the Aztecs themselves were attacked – by the Spaniards. However, if by “the Aztecs” we can include surviving warriors from the regions of Mexico that were part of the Aztec Empire, then the answer is yes.
Most Maya today observe a religion composed of ancient Maya ideas, animism and Catholicism. Some Maya still believe, for example, that their village is the ceremonial centre of a world supported at its four corners by gods. When one of these gods shifts his burden, they believe, it causes an earthquake.
Maintenance of the empire was achieved by being able to get word to the capital if there was trouble brewing or some other urgent need. This system was later adopted by other empires as they rose and began to dominate the scene. There were also a well maintained system of roads.
The Persians gave them the basis. The Romans created an empire that the great countries of today mirror in many aspects. The Persians paved the way for that. The Persians were a mighty empire that conquered many lands and left a large impression on the world.
They built many new roads and developed the world’s first postal service. The ancient Persians of the Achaemenid Empire created art in many forms, including metalwork, rock carvings, weaving and architecture.
The first Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great soon became the world’s first superpower. It united under one government three important sites of early human civilization in the ancient world: Mesopotamia, Egypt ’s Nile Valley and India ’s Indus Valley. Cyrus the Great is immortalized in the Cyrus Cylinder,…